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2024 is our 1994 – The reawakening of justice and freedom for South Africa, By Tebogo Moalusi

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I was born in July 1984, on a cold winters’ morning, at Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital, located in Soweto. The hospital is the largest hospital in Africa and the third largest hospital in the world. At the time, it was ranked as one of the best hospitals globally, providing quality and dignified healthcare for South Africans.

It was also an incredible developmental workspace for healthcare professionals globally. Like drinking safe water from the tap without worry, it not only provided a basic need, but it was also a jewel in the proverbial South African crown, which left us gleaming with pride and a sense of achievement.

Growing up in Pimville Zone 7 and Mofolo Central as a child was relatively great. I grew up knowing deep love, community, safety, and family. There was a great sense of unity which was fuelled by compassion and a true sense of Ubuntu. Every child was the community’s responsibility, and all older people were respected as leaders, guiding us to be and do better. The meeting place was the street, where children from different families joined in play, storytelling, adventure and sports from early morning until night-time. I hardly ever thought about being kidnapped or being harmed by criminals. And if anything was to ever happen, the community would rise together to ensure justice prevailed, swiftly.

1994 was a turning point

We did not have much, but never felt like we lacked. We were all generally materially poor, doing the best we could with what we had. But our hearts and minds were full. As kids, our imagination and kasi innovation borrowed from what we saw on TV, kept us busy and generally happy. It was only later in life that I discovered that my parents bore the brunt of protecting us against the pain, injustice, and violence of the apartheid state. For that, I am eternally grateful.

In 1994, I was 10 years old, living in Fourways with my family. Interestingly, while seeking a better life, leaving Soweto to live in the suburbs disconnected me and us from that sense of community inherent in township life. The life and rituals of playing in the street with friends were no longer available. Here we were all, strangers getting on with life. It is here that I first experienced prejudice, racism and being psychologically unsafe. It is here that I felt lesser than, naked, poor and an outsider.

On 27 April 1994, I remember my parents waking up early and going to the nearby school to cast their vote. It was a day filled with happiness, euphoria and determination. I remember my father referring to the fact that he had to vote to pay tribute to Chris Hani, who was brutally assassinated only a year before, a moment that almost catapulted South Africa into civil war. For Papa, to vote was a duty to country, a commitment to the liberation struggle and a prayer for his children. It was a vote for change and hope.

For me, 1994 resembled a turning point, wherein we could shift from pain to prosperity. While not of voting age, I was now alive to what injustice felt like, experiencing micro and even overt racism in the community we resided. From an early age, it was not difficult to see that pain was disproportionately experienced by certain people more than others, and I belonged to that group. As kids, we also snuck in the chance to watch movies like Sarafina and Bopha, which made us alive to the atrocities of apartheid, giving us a language and framework for understanding the struggle for freedom, peace, justice and equality. As I grew up and became more conscious, I was drawn to the idea of being a champion against injustice and black pain and indignity.

Over the years, I have had the opportunity to attend excellent schools, universities and work in leading companies at the highest levels. I have cut my teeth at starting and running my own successful and failed businesses.

In the different phases of my life, leadership was a vocation, a calling. And so, I made it my responsibility to serve my vocation and gift with excellence. But the purpose and undercurrent of all the leadership work was about justice. For me, justice is both a process and a destination. We must operate in a just manner to achieve the South Africa we deserve, and we must fight for a just society.

SA is in decline

The 1994 promise and moment was many things, but justice remains at the center because it is justice that serve victims, survivors and the underprivileged. Justice serves freedom and equality. Justice is humanness.

Having been borne from a family that served the liberation struggle, serving the people was at the core of how I define contribution and significance. But service and leadership come with tremendous responsibility. One of those is self-awareness and consciousness. You cannot lead others if you do not know yourself, in the context of your environment. Working with people and transforming opportunity to value generated power and influence. Therefore, my journey has been about understanding the power and influence I have accrued through personal and collective sacrifice and using it to serve the people.

For the last decade, I have been seeing and experiencing a South Africa that is in gross and accelerated decline. The gems in the crown have been lost and stolen.

Like most state institutions, our beloved Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital is a ghost of its former self yet carrying the name of one of the most iconic leaders of our lifetime. Recently, the cholera death toll in South Africa has risen to 32 due to lack of access to quality drinking water. The quality of education is poor, while we live in the most unequal and violent country in the world. Joblessness, electricity blackouts, drug and substance abuse, mental illness, suicide, gender-based violence, and many other social ills are at an all-time high.

Dwindling voter turnout

Voter turnout and engagement are dwindling as people lose faith in democracy and the Constitution people fought and died for. People are hungry, angry, hopeless and disillusioned. All this, under a democratically elected ANC government. A better life for all is an illusion that cannot be achieved under this ANC administration. We are in a crisis.

In early 2022, I coined the phrase, “2024 is our 1994″. It was the converging moment when I realised that enough was enough, and that there was no one coming to save us. We had given the governing party so many chances to advance the promises of 1994, and what we are inheriting is a dysfunctional country run by corrupt politicians who have sold out on the vision of our ancestors and liberation leaders.

In this statement, I wanted to agitate for urgent change, knowing that the window to avert complete disaster closes with each day of uncoordinated inaction. As part of my journey of a commitment to justice and leadership, something had to be done. At the time, I had no political home, and it did not matter. What mattered was speaking truth to power and exciting others to do the same. When my path collided with RISE Mzansi last year, it was clear that this is where such an idea could find a home and germinate into a tree that will be the shade that covers generations to come.

“To whom much is given, much will be required” (Luke 12:48). For me the journey ahead is about justice. Justice is about the leveraging our collective power to equalise the Balance of Privileged.

Privilege is “a special right, advantage, or immunity granted or available only to a particular person or group”. This privilege means that based on their race, ethnicity, gender, sex, sexual orientation, dis/ability, religion, age, class, nationality, physical appearance, accent, vocal pitch, language proficiency, degree of introversion or extroversion, cultural customs, educational background, or upbringing, the system often says “YES” to you.

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Strictly Personal

Let’s merge EAC and Igad, By Nuur Mohamud Sheekh

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In an era of political and economic uncertainty, global crises and diminishing donor contributions, Africa’s regional economic communities (RECs) must reimagine their approach to regional integration.

The East African Community (EAC) and the Intergovernmental Authority on Development (Igad), two critical RECs in East Africa and the Horn of Africa have an unprecedented opportunity to join forces, leveraging their respective strengths to drive sustainable peace and development and advance regional economic integration and promote the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA).

Already, four of the eight Igad member states are also members of the EAC and, with Ethiopia and Sudan showing interest, the new unified bloc would be formidable.

Igad’s strength lies in regional peacemaking, preventive diplomacy, security, and resilience, especially in a region plagued by protracted conflicts, climate challenges, and humanitarian crises. The EAC, on the other hand, has made remarkable strides in economic integration, exemplified by its Customs Union, Common Market, and ongoing efforts toward a monetary union. Combining these comparative advantages would create a formidable entity capable of addressing complex challenges holistically.

Imagine a REC that pairs Igad’s conflict resolution strengths with the EAC’s diplomatic standing and robust economic framework. Member states of both are also contributing troops to peacekeeping missions. Such a fusion would streamline efforts to create a peaceful and economically prosperous region, addressing the root causes of instability while simultaneously promoting trade investment and regional cooperation.

These strengths will be harnessed to deal with inter-state tensions that we are currently witnessing, including between Ethiopia and Somalia over the Somaliland MoU, strained relations between Djibouti and Eritrea, and the continually deteriorating relations between Eritrea and Ethiopia.

The global economy experienced as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, compounded by the Ukraine war and competing global crises, has strained donor countries and reduced financial contributions to multilateral organisations and African RECs. Member states, many of which are grappling with fiscal constraints, are increasingly unable to fill this gap, failing to make timely contributions, which is in turn affecting key mandate areas of Igad and EAC, and staff morale.

A merger between Igad and EAC would alleviate this financial pressure by eliminating redundancies. Shared administrative systems, integrated programmes, and a unified leadership structure would optimise resources, enabling the new REC to achieve more with less. Staff rationalisation, while sensitive, is a necessary step to ensure that limited funds are channelled toward impactful initiatives rather than duplicative overheads.

The African Union (AU) envisions a fully integrated Africa, with RECs serving as the building blocks of the AfCFTA. A unified EAC-Igad entity would become a powerhouse for regional integration, unlocking economies of scale and harmonising policies across a wider geographical and economic landscape.

This merger would enhance the implementation of the AfCFTA by creating a larger, more cohesive market that attracts investment, fosters innovation, and increases competitiveness. By aligning trade policies, infrastructure projects, and regulatory frameworks, the new REC could serve as a model for others, accelerating continental integration.

The road to integration is not without obstacles. Political will, divergent institutional mandates, and the complexity of harmonising systems pose significant challenges. However, these hurdles are surmountable through inclusive dialogue, strong leadership, and a phased approach to integration.

Member states must prioritise the long-term benefits of unity over short-term political considerations. Civil society, the private sector, the youth, and international partners also have a critical role to play in advocating for and supporting this transformative initiative.

The time for EAC and Igad to join forces is now. By merging into a single REC, they would pool their strengths, optimise resources, and position themselves as a driving force for regional and continental integration. In doing so, they would not only secure a prosperous future for their citizens and member states but also advance the broader vision of an integrated and thriving Africa.

As the world grapples with crises, Africa must look inward, embracing the power of unity to achieve its potential. A combined Igad-EAC is the bold step forward that the continent needs.

Nuur Mohamud Sheekh, a diplomatic and geopolitical analyst based in London, is a former spokesperson of the Igad Executive Secretary. X: @NuursViews

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Strictly Personal

Budgets, budgeting and budget financing, By Sheriffdeen A. Tella, Ph.D.

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The budget season is here again. It is an institutional and desirable annual ritual. Revenue collection and spending at the federal, State and local government levels must be authorised and guided by law. That is what budget is all about. A document containing the estimates of projected revenues from identified sources and the proposed expenditure for different sectors in the appropriate level of government. The last two weeks have seen the delivery of budget drafts to various Houses of Assembly and the promise that the federal government would present its draft budget to the National Assembly.

Do people still look forward to the budget presentation and the contents therein? I am not sure. Citizens have realised that these days, governments often spend money without reference to the approved budget. A governor can just wake up and direct that a police station be built in a location. With no allocation in the budget, the station will be completed in three months. The President can direct from his bathroom that 72 trailers of maize be distributed to the 36 states as palliatives. No budget provision, and no discussion by relevant committee or group.

We still operate with the military mentality. We operated too long under the military and of the five Presidents we have in this democracy, two of them were retired military Heads of State. Between them, they spent 16 years of 25 years of democratic governance. Hopefully, we are done with them physically but not mentally. Most present governors grew up largely under military regimes with the command system. That is why some see themselves as emperor and act accordingly. Their direct staff and commissioners are “Yes” men and women. There is need for disorientation.

The importance of budget in the art of governance cannot be overemphasized. It is one of the major functions of the legislature because without the consideration and authorisation of spending of funds by this arm of government, the executive has no power to start spending money. There is what we refer to as a budget cycle or stages. The budget drafting stage within the purview of the executive arm is the first stage and, followed by the authorisation stage where the legislature discusses, evaluates and tinkers with the draft for approval before presenting it to the President for his signature.

Thereafter, the budget enters the execution phase or cycle where programmes and projects are executed by the executive arm with the legislature carrying out oversight functions. Finally, we enter the auditing phase when the federal and State Auditors verify and report on the execution of the budgets. The report would normally be submitted to the Legislature. Many Auditor Generals have fallen victim at this stage for daring to query the executives on some aspects of the execution in their reports.

A new budget should contain the objectives and achievements of the preceding budget in the introduction as the foundation for the budget. More appropriately, a current budget derives its strength from a medium-term framework which also derives its strength from a national Development Plan or a State Plan. An approved National Plan does not exist currently, although the Plan launched by the Muhammadu Buhari administration is in the cooler. President Tinubu, who is acclaimed to be the architect of the Lagos State long-term Plan seems curiously, disillusioned with a national Plan.

Some States like Oyo and Kaduna, have long-term Plans that serve as the source of their annual budgets. Economists and policymakers see development plans as instruments of salvation for developing countries. Mike Obadan, the former Director General of the moribund Nigeria Centre for Economic and Management Administration, opined that a Plan in a developing country serves as an instrument to eradicate poverty, achieve high rates of economic growth and promote economic and social development.

The Nigerian development plans were on course until the adoption of the World Bank/IMF-inspired Structural Adjustment Programme in 1986 when the country and others that adopted the programme were forced to abandon such plan for short-term stabilisation policies in the name of a rolling plan. We have been rolling in the mud since that time. One is not surprised that the Tinubu administration is not looking at the Buhari Development Plan since the government is World Bank/IMF compliant. It was in the news last week that our President is an American asset and by extension, Nigeria’s policies must be defined by America which controls the Bretton Woods institutions.

A national Plan allows the citizens to monitor quantitatively, the projects and programmes being executed or to be executed by the government through the budgeting procedure. It is part of the definitive measures of transparency and accountability which most Nigerian governments do not cherish. So, you cannot pin your government down to anything.

Budgets these days hardly contain budget performance in terms of revenue, expenditure and other achievements like several schools, hospitals, small-scale enterprises, etc, that the government got involved in successfully and partially. These are the foundation for a new budget like items brought forward in accounting documents. The new budget should state the new reforms or transformations that would be taking place. Reforms like shifting from dominance of recurrent expenditure to capital expenditure; moving from the provision of basic needs programmes to industrialisation, and from reliance on foreign loans to dependence on domestic fund mobilisation for executing the budget.

That brings us to the issue of budget deficit and borrowing. When an economy is in recession, expansionary fiscal policy is recommended. That is, the government will need to spend more than it receives to pump prime the economy. If this is taken, Nigeria has always had a deficit budget, implying that we are always in economic recession. The fact is that even when we had a surplus in our balance of payment that made it possible to pay off our debts, we still had a deficit budget. We are so used to borrowing at the national level that stopping it will look like the collapse of the Nigerian state. The States have also followed the trend. Ordinarily, since States are largely dependent on the federal government for funds, they should promote balanced budget.

The States are like a schoolboy who depends on his parents for school fees and feeding allowance but goes about borrowing from classmates. Definitely, it is the parents that will surely pay the debt. The debt forgiveness mentality plays a major role in the process. Having enjoyed debt forgiveness in the past, the federal government is always in the credit market and does not caution the State governments in participating in the market. Our Presidents don’t feel ashamed when they are begging for debt forgiveness in international forum where issues on global development are being discussed. Not less than twice I have watched the countenance of some Presidents, even from Africa, while they looked at our president with disdain when issues of debt forgiveness for African countries was raised.

In most cases, the government, both at the federal and state cannot show the product of loans, except those lent by institutions like the World Bank or African Development Bank for specific projects which are monitored by the lending institutions. In other cases, the loans are stolen and transferred abroad while we are paying the loans. In some other cases, the loans are diverted to projects other than what the proposal stated. There was a case of loans obtained based on establishing an international car park in the border of the State but diverted to finance the election of a politician in the State. The politician eventually lost the election but the citizens of the State have to be taxed to pay the loan. Somebody as “Nigeria we hail thee”.

Transformation in budgeting should commence subsequently at the State and federal level. Now that local government will enjoy some financial autonomy and therefore budgeting process, they should be legally barred from contracting foreign loans. They have no business participating in the market. They should promote balanced budget where proposed expenditures must equal the expected revenues from federal and internal sources. The State government that cannot mobilise, from records, up to 40 percent of its total budget from IGR should not be supported to contract foreign loans. The States should engage in a balanced budget. The federal government budget should shift away from huge allocations to recurrent expenditure towards capital expenditure for capital formation and within the context of a welfarist state.

Sheriffdeen A. Tella, Ph.D.

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