German researchers from the Max Planck Institute have used cutting-edge technology to identify and recreate the scent used in the mummification of a significant Egyptian woman.
The study, which resulted in the outcome of the mummification, showed a painted and gilded cedar outer coffin lid of Pinudjem II’s wife, Princess Nesikhonsu, usurped from Istemkheb and inner coffin lid or mummy board of Pinudjem I, all of Egyptian nobility.
According to Barbara Huber, the lead researcher at Max Planck, the study focuses on the substances employed to embalm noblewoman Senetnay around 1,450 BC.
“Her remains were discovered in the Valley of the Kings in 1900 by British archaeologist Howard Carter, renowned for his 1923 discovery of King Tutankhamen’s tomb,” Huber said.
“To uncover the secrets of Senetnay’s mummification balm, the team collected minuscule residue samples from two canopic jars that had once held her lungs and liver,” Huber explained
“We only had tiny remains, tiny traces of the mummification balm, the substance she was covered with for the afterlife.
“We took samples from these canopic jars and analyzed the mummification balm. Based on its molecular composition, we could identify the ancient scent of eternity or the afterlife,” she added.
The team’s analysis revealed a complex mixture of ingredients in the balms, including beeswax, plant oils, fats, resins, balsamic substances, and more, Huber said.
She added that the findings further shed light on the mummification process and the extensive trade networks of ancient Egypt, with ingredients originating from Central Europe, Southeast Asia, the Mediterranean, and locally available substances like beeswax.
“Some ingredients proved challenging to identify, with one potentially originating from the resin of a dammar gum tree found exclusively in Southeast Asia. If confirmed, this discovery could demonstrate the far-reaching influence of ancient Egypt, spanning up to 4,000 kilometers.
“This unique olfactory experience is now part of an exhibition at Denmark’s Moesgaard Museum, titled “Ancient Egypt – Obsessed with Life.”