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Dutch have owned up, great, but how enduring is slavery’s impact? By Jenerali Ulimwengu

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The Dutch have done it, and maybe it’s up to the others to follow suit. I wrote in this column a year ago about the man who was England’s Prince of Wales but is today that country’s King Charles lll and his sad reflections on the institution of slave trade.

I would like to revisit, only in part, what the then prince said, to refresh our memory: “I cannot describe the depth of my personal sorrow at the suffering of so many as I continue to deepen my understanding of slavery’s enduring impact.”

I thought this was a historic moment and said so. Now, recently we have heard the King of the Netherlands coming out on behalf of his country to go a little better than Charles, by actually issuing an official apology for his country’s participation in the evil commerce.

Whereas the British prince had expressed his “personal sorrow”, the Dutch monarch has actually apologised, and there is a difference.

During an occasion to mark Holland’s links to slavery, the Dutch King Willem-Alexander said, “On this day that we remember the Dutch history of slavery, I ask forgiveness for this crime against humanity. As your king and as a member of the government, I make this apology myself. And I feel the weight of the words in my heart and in my soul”.

In 2022, the Dutch King took an important step in preparation for his mea culpa, when he commissioned research into the role played by the House of Orange-Nassau in the slave-trade.

The inquiry revealed that between 1675 and 1770, at least $600 million accrued to the Dutch crown via the activities of the Dutch East India Company in the purchase and sale of human beings and “gifts” to the royal household.

A study done around the time found that the British monarchy took an active part in slave trade, employing slave labour in the production of tobacco in Virginia, where Charles’ ancestor named Edward Porteus is shown to have kept up to 200 slaves obtained through dealings underwritten by the House of Stuart and the City of London in collaboration with the Royal African Company (RAC), a most vile operator in the trade.

The facts regarding the multiple complicities are legion, and I doubt if we will ever get to the bottom of this sordid business but suffice it to say that the fact of coming out and apologising is a good first step to take.

It goes in the order of “owning up,” which my teacher at middle school, William Vyankero Migembe (to whom all my respect!), used to emphasise to us as errant little urchins, again and again: “To save your colleagues from collective punishment, come out and own up.”

It is in the spirit of owning up, I think, that the Dutch king has done this noble deed.

It should be emulated by all those who find out something nefarious in their history, especially when the actions of their ancestors caused such monumental and grievous harm as the slave trade.

It may be that many more nations and people will be called out for something their ancestors did in the past to harm others.

For instance, even the Dutch — as well as many other European tribes — were, at some stage in history, victims of the slave trade practised by the Ottomans on the Barbary Coast, and many other examples.

The story of the African slave trade is replete with heart-rending instances of inhuman treatment meted out to the people who were used as draught animals.

Africans are not the only ones to suffer this fate. All tribes of the world, with few exceptions, have had this experience. Perhaps Africa has the dubious honour of having suffered this ancient indignity most recently.

The “recentness” of our experience is what may explain its topicality: it happened only the other day, so to speak, and that makes it relevant to our current conversations. It is possible that all the other tribes who were sold into slavery have had time to heal and forget; for Africans, the scars are still too raw to make us forget.

When I watched Prince Charles making that remark at the Kigali Convention Centre last July, I was thinking of the word “enduring,” and I was moved to associate it with what we are going through as a continent. “Enduring” means long-term, persistent, permanent, continuing, on-going, permanent, lasting, ongoing, long-term.

Now, the prince who became king is the quintessential Anglophone, born into the lingo and tutored in its proper application. The “enduring” impact he was referring to must be understood to mean something caused by slavery that is refusing to leave or end, an effect so strong and so debilitating that it is embedded within us: we just cannot shake it off or excise it.

The conversation around the slave trade inevitably tends to lead to the issue of reparations — and I am not excluding it in my reflection, because I think it is relevant — but, before we get into that, a little more introspection is in order. The first step in that introspection would be to ask the question, “How enduring was the impact of the slave trade on Africa?”

Strictly Personal

If I were put in charge of a $15m African kitty, I’d first deworm children, By Charles Onyango-Obbo

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One of my favourite stories on pan-African action (or in this case inaction), one I will never tire of repeating, comes from 2002, when the discredited Organisation of African Unity, was rebranded into an ambitious, new African Union (AU).

There were many big hitters in African statehouses then. Talking of those who have had the grace to step down or leave honourably after electoral or political defeat, or have departed, in Nigeria we had Olusegun Obasanjo, a force of nature. Cerebral and studious Thabo Mbeki was chief in South Africa. In Ethiopia, the brass-knuckled and searingly intellectual Meles Zenawi ruled the roost.

In Tanzania, there was the personable and thoughtful Ben Mkapa. In Botswana, there was Festus Mogae, a leader who had a way of bringing out the best in people. In Senegal, we had Abdoulaye Wade, fresh in office, and years before he went rogue.

And those are just a few.

This club of men (there were no women at the high table) brought forth the AU. At that time, there was a lot of frustration about the portrayal of Africa in international media, we decided we must “tell our own story” to the world. The AU, therefore, decided to boost the struggling Pan-African New Agency (Pana) network.

The members were asked to write cheques or pledges for it. There were millions of dollars offered by the South Africans and Nigerians of our continent. Then, as at every party, a disruptive guest made a play. Rwanda, then still roiled by the genocide against the Tutsi of 1994, offered the least money; a few tens of thousand dollars.

There were embarrassed looks all around. Some probably thought it should just have kept is mouth shut, and not made a fool of itself with its ka-money. Kigali sat unflustered. Maybe it knew something the rest didn’t.

The meeting ended, and everyone went their merry way. Pana sat and waited for the cheques to come. The big talkers didn’t walk the talk. Hardly any came, and in the sums that were pledged. Except one. The cheque from Rwanda came in the exact amount it was promised. The smallest pledge became Pana’s biggest payday.

The joke is that it was used to pay terminal benefits for Pana staff. They would have gone home empty-pocketed.

We revive this peculiarly African moment (many a deep-pocketed African will happily contribute $300 to your wedding but not 50 cents to build a school or set up a scholarship fund), to campaign for the creation of small and beautiful African things.

It was brought on by the announcement by South Korea that it had joined the African Summit bandwagon, and is shortly hosting a South Korea-Africa Summit — like the US, China, the UK, the European Union, Japan, India, Russia, Italy, Saudi Arabia, and Turkey do.

Apart from the AU, whose summits are in danger of turning into dubious talk shops, outside of limited regional bloc events, there is no Pan-African platform that brings the continent’s leaders together.

The AU summits are not a solutions enterprise, partly because over 60 percent of its budget is funded by non-African development partners. You can’t seriously say you are going to set up a $500 million African climate crisis fund in the hope that some Europeans will put up the money.

It’s possible to reprise the Rwanda-Pana pledge episode; a convention of African leaders and important institutions on the continent for a “Small Initiatives, Big Impact Compact”. It would be a barebones summit. In the first one, leaders would come to kickstart it by investing seed money.

The rule would be that no country would be allowed to put up more than $100,000 — far, far less than it costs some presidents and their delegations to attend one day of an AU summit.

There would also be no pledges. Everyone would come with a certified cheque that cannot bounce, or hard cash in a bag. After all, some of our leaders are no strangers to travelling around with sacks from which they hand out cash like they were sweets.

If 54 states (we will exempt the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic for special circumstances) contribute $75,000 each, that is a good $4.05 million.

If just 200 of the bigger pan-African institutions such as the African Development Bank, Afrexim Bank, the giant companies such as MTN, Safaricom, East African Breweries, Nedbank, De Beers, Dangote, Orascom in Egypt, Attijariwafa Bank in Morocco, to name a few, each ponied up $75,000 each, that’s a cool $15 million just for the first year alone.

There will be a lot of imagination necessary to create magic out of it all, no doubt, but if I were asked to manage the project, I would immediately offer one small, beautiful thing to do.

After putting aside money for reasonable expenses to be paid at the end (a man has to eat) — which would be posted on a public website like all other expenditures — I would set out on a programme to get the most needy African children a dose of deworming tablets. Would do it all over for a couple of years.

Impact? Big. I read that people who received two to three additional years of childhood deworming experience an increase of 14 percent in consumption expenditure, 13 percent in hourly earnings, and nine percent in non-agricultural work hours.

At the next convention, I would report back, and possibly dazzle with the names, and photographs, of all the children who got the treatment. Other than the shopping opportunity, the US-Africa Summit would have nothing on that.

Charles Onyango-Obbo is a journalist, writer, and curator of the “Wall of Great Africans”. X@cobbo3

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Strictly Personal

AU shouldn’t look on as outsiders treat Africa like a widow’s house, By Joachim Buwembo

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There is no shortage of news from the UK, a major former colonial master in Africa, over whose former empire the sun reputedly never set. We hope and pray that besides watching the Premier League, the managers of our economies are also monitoring the re-nationalisation of British Railways (BR).

 

Three decades after BR was privatised in the early to mid-nineties — around the season when Africa was hit by the privatisation fashion — there is emerging consensus by both conservative and liberal parties that it is time the major public transport system reverts to state management.

 

Yes, there are major services that should be rendered by the state, and the public must not be abandoned to the vagaries of purely profit-motivated capitalism. It is not enough to only argue that government is not good at doing business, because some business is government business.

 

Since we copied many of our systems from the British — including wigs for judges — we may as well copy the humility to accept if certain fashions don’t work.

 

Another piece of news from the UK, besides football, was of this conservative MP Tim Loughton, who caused a stir by getting summarily deported from Djibouti and claiming the small African country was just doing China’s bidding because he recently rubbed Beijing the wrong way.

 

China has dismissed the accusation as baseless, and Africa still respects China for not meddling in its politics, even as it negotiates economic partnerships. China generously co-funded the construction of Djibouti’s super modern multipurpose port.

 

What can African leaders learn from the Loughton Djibouti kerfuffle? The race to think for and manage Africa by outsiders is still on and attracting new players.

 

While China has described the Loughton accusation as lies, it shows that the accusing (and presumably informed) Britons suspect other powerful countries to be on a quest to influence African thinking and actions.

 

And while the new bidders for Africa’s resources are on the increase including Russia, the US, Middle Eastern newly rich states, and India, even declining powers like France, which is losing ground in West Africa, could be looking for weaker states to gain a new foothold.

 

My Ugandan people describe such a situation as treating a community like “like a widow’s house,” because the poor, defenceless woman is susceptible to having her door kicked open by any local bully. Yes, these small and weak countries are not insignificant and offer fertile ground for the indirect re-colonisation of the continent.

 

Djibouti, for example, may be small —at only 23,000square kilometres, with a population of one million doing hardly any farming, thus relying on imports for most of its food — but it is so strategically located that the African Union should look at it as precious territory that must be protected from external political influences.

 

It commands the southern entrance into the Red Sea, thus linking Africa to the Middle East. So if several foreign powers have military bases in Djibouti, why shouldn’t the AU, with its growing “peace kitty,” now be worth some hundreds of millions of dollars?

 

At a bilateral level, Ethiopia and Djibouti are doing impressively well in developing infrastructure such as the railway link, a whole 750 kilometres of it electrified. The AU should be looking at more such projects linking up the whole continent to increase internal trade with the continental market, the fastest growing in the world.

 

And, while at it, the AU should be resolutely pushing out fossil-fuel-based transportation the way Ethiopia is doing, without even making much noise about it. Ethiopia can be quite resolute in conceiving and implementing projects, and surely the AU, being headquartered in Addis Ababa, should be taking a leaf rather than looking on as external interests treat the continent like a Ugandan widow’s house.

 

Buwembo is a Kampala-based journalist. E-mail:buwembo@gmail.com

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