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Russia, Ukraine will one day regret shaming African chiefs on peace mission, By Charles Onyango-Obbo

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As Uganda President Yoweri Museveni battled Covid-19 last week and stayed in confinement, social media did what it does best; spew wild tales about his illness.

One version went that the son of Kaguta was in good health but came up with the Covid-19 story to avoid travelling with other African leaders on a mission to sell Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy and Russian President Vladimir Putin a 10-point plan aimed at brokering peace in their war.

South African President Cyril Ramaphosa led an olive-branch-bearing group, including the presidents of Comoros, Senegal, and Zambia, as well as Egypt’s prime minister and envoys from the Republic of Congo and Uganda to Kyiv and Moscow. Some say that, predictably, they came back empty-handed.

Of course, only people who don’t know Museveni well would spin such a conspiracy. He’s a man who doesn’t like to look weak or vulnerable, so, any day he would have taken being rebuffed by Zelenskyy and Putin over being floored by a virus.

The African mission has been rebuked at home, laughed at for flying thousands of kilometres away to the eastern corner of Europe to try and stop a “mzungu war” when they would have walked and put that effort into ending several deadly conflicts closer to them at home.

They were also accused of being “un-African.”

The African group only did a little prior diplomatic work to prepare for the mission.

The people making that charge said African diplomacy is like marriage. The young man looking to ask someone’s daughter to marry him only shows up at his prospective in-law’s home to ask for her hand with prior groundwork.

Usually, by the time he and his entourage arrive, wiser heads from both sides will have held several meetings and agreed on all details, including bride price, where it is demanded.

They will have been assured that the family will green-light the marriage and ask for 20 long-horned Ankole cattle, not 50.

You might be fined if you have been living with someone’s daughter in sin without first getting a permit from the church, Registry, or the elders. However, you will know the fine is $1,000, not $5,000.

The elders think it isn’t a good look to surprise a future son-in-law, changing the penalty and forcing him into the unseemly position of passing the hat around, asking for more money than he carried because, suddenly, the fine went up.

Of course, nothing in all this finely laid-out plan will stop a drunk uncle or cantankerous aunt from disrupting things.

Anyway, the result of all this background work is that the day of “introduction” (betrothal ceremony) is mostly a performative function. Ramaphosa and Company didn’t do the diplomatic equivalent.

But there is something else. For a man who views himself as a pan-African patriarch and Bismarck, Museveni has, surprisingly, been part of relatively few peace mediations in Africa. Apart from the Democratic Republic of Congo, Somalia, and South Sudan, he has dabbled in little else, and even in these, he did not put his neck out as the lead like Ramaphosa did on Ukraine-Russia.

He knows a few things about what it takes to succeed in mediation. For starters, the obvious case for peace — and what the United Nations charters say — don’t cut it with warriors. The leaders and rebels who go to war and butcher people, know that international laws and the Bible and Quran condemn such atrocities. It doesn’t help to throw these books at them.

The men of war understand three things. First, leaders who have been successful in these peace missions are those who have something concrete and juicy to offer: End the war, and get $500 million (part of which they steal) for reconstruction. Or sanctions will be lifted, and the $50 billion frozen in Western banks will be released.

Or surrender, allow new leaders to come in and rebuild, and you will be given a lovely home on the French Riviera and a $1.5 million monthly stipend to spend as you wish, including gambling in the casino.

The second one is a credible threat. Nigeria did it with Liberia’s corrupt president Charles Taylor in 2006. They pressured him to resign, arrested him, and handed him over to the Special Court for Sierra Leone, which eventually found him guilty of aiding and abetting war crimes there. Nigeria had the ability to bring Taylor to heel.

The other is an overwhelming moral force. South African statesman Nelson Mandela and the influential human rights activist, Anglican bishop Desmond Tutu were the last two people in Africa who had it in recent times. Globally, a few people like Albanian-Indian Catholic nun Mother Teresa, the Pope, and a handful of fabulously wealthy philanthropists also had/have it.

Ramaphosa’s delegation had none of the three assets above. And as influential African leaders go — except for one or two — his group didn’t comprise the First Seven figures with political clout on the continent. Small wonder, then, that Putin reportedly cut them off halfway as they were making their pitch to tell them why their suggestions didn’t fly.

Still, it was not all in vain. The powerlessness of the delegation was also its asset. They were not menacing or arrogant and giving them a small bone to take him as a victory trophy would have helped Putin and Zelenskyy look like sensible, practical men.

Putin, especially, is likely to send his foot soldiers to Africa one of these days looking for a mine. Closing a deal could be harder, having sent our chiefs away shamefaced.

Charles Onyango-Obbo is a journalist, writer, and curator of the Wall of Great Africans. Twitter@cobbo3

Strictly Personal

If I were put in charge of a $15m African kitty, I’d first deworm children, By Charles Onyango-Obbo

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One of my favourite stories on pan-African action (or in this case inaction), one I will never tire of repeating, comes from 2002, when the discredited Organisation of African Unity, was rebranded into an ambitious, new African Union (AU).

There were many big hitters in African statehouses then. Talking of those who have had the grace to step down or leave honourably after electoral or political defeat, or have departed, in Nigeria we had Olusegun Obasanjo, a force of nature. Cerebral and studious Thabo Mbeki was chief in South Africa. In Ethiopia, the brass-knuckled and searingly intellectual Meles Zenawi ruled the roost.

In Tanzania, there was the personable and thoughtful Ben Mkapa. In Botswana, there was Festus Mogae, a leader who had a way of bringing out the best in people. In Senegal, we had Abdoulaye Wade, fresh in office, and years before he went rogue.

And those are just a few.

This club of men (there were no women at the high table) brought forth the AU. At that time, there was a lot of frustration about the portrayal of Africa in international media, we decided we must “tell our own story” to the world. The AU, therefore, decided to boost the struggling Pan-African New Agency (Pana) network.

The members were asked to write cheques or pledges for it. There were millions of dollars offered by the South Africans and Nigerians of our continent. Then, as at every party, a disruptive guest made a play. Rwanda, then still roiled by the genocide against the Tutsi of 1994, offered the least money; a few tens of thousand dollars.

There were embarrassed looks all around. Some probably thought it should just have kept is mouth shut, and not made a fool of itself with its ka-money. Kigali sat unflustered. Maybe it knew something the rest didn’t.

The meeting ended, and everyone went their merry way. Pana sat and waited for the cheques to come. The big talkers didn’t walk the talk. Hardly any came, and in the sums that were pledged. Except one. The cheque from Rwanda came in the exact amount it was promised. The smallest pledge became Pana’s biggest payday.

The joke is that it was used to pay terminal benefits for Pana staff. They would have gone home empty-pocketed.

We revive this peculiarly African moment (many a deep-pocketed African will happily contribute $300 to your wedding but not 50 cents to build a school or set up a scholarship fund), to campaign for the creation of small and beautiful African things.

It was brought on by the announcement by South Korea that it had joined the African Summit bandwagon, and is shortly hosting a South Korea-Africa Summit — like the US, China, the UK, the European Union, Japan, India, Russia, Italy, Saudi Arabia, and Turkey do.

Apart from the AU, whose summits are in danger of turning into dubious talk shops, outside of limited regional bloc events, there is no Pan-African platform that brings the continent’s leaders together.

The AU summits are not a solutions enterprise, partly because over 60 percent of its budget is funded by non-African development partners. You can’t seriously say you are going to set up a $500 million African climate crisis fund in the hope that some Europeans will put up the money.

It’s possible to reprise the Rwanda-Pana pledge episode; a convention of African leaders and important institutions on the continent for a “Small Initiatives, Big Impact Compact”. It would be a barebones summit. In the first one, leaders would come to kickstart it by investing seed money.

The rule would be that no country would be allowed to put up more than $100,000 — far, far less than it costs some presidents and their delegations to attend one day of an AU summit.

There would also be no pledges. Everyone would come with a certified cheque that cannot bounce, or hard cash in a bag. After all, some of our leaders are no strangers to travelling around with sacks from which they hand out cash like they were sweets.

If 54 states (we will exempt the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic for special circumstances) contribute $75,000 each, that is a good $4.05 million.

If just 200 of the bigger pan-African institutions such as the African Development Bank, Afrexim Bank, the giant companies such as MTN, Safaricom, East African Breweries, Nedbank, De Beers, Dangote, Orascom in Egypt, Attijariwafa Bank in Morocco, to name a few, each ponied up $75,000 each, that’s a cool $15 million just for the first year alone.

There will be a lot of imagination necessary to create magic out of it all, no doubt, but if I were asked to manage the project, I would immediately offer one small, beautiful thing to do.

After putting aside money for reasonable expenses to be paid at the end (a man has to eat) — which would be posted on a public website like all other expenditures — I would set out on a programme to get the most needy African children a dose of deworming tablets. Would do it all over for a couple of years.

Impact? Big. I read that people who received two to three additional years of childhood deworming experience an increase of 14 percent in consumption expenditure, 13 percent in hourly earnings, and nine percent in non-agricultural work hours.

At the next convention, I would report back, and possibly dazzle with the names, and photographs, of all the children who got the treatment. Other than the shopping opportunity, the US-Africa Summit would have nothing on that.

Charles Onyango-Obbo is a journalist, writer, and curator of the “Wall of Great Africans”. X@cobbo3

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Strictly Personal

AU shouldn’t look on as outsiders treat Africa like a widow’s house, By Joachim Buwembo

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There is no shortage of news from the UK, a major former colonial master in Africa, over whose former empire the sun reputedly never set. We hope and pray that besides watching the Premier League, the managers of our economies are also monitoring the re-nationalisation of British Railways (BR).

 

Three decades after BR was privatised in the early to mid-nineties — around the season when Africa was hit by the privatisation fashion — there is emerging consensus by both conservative and liberal parties that it is time the major public transport system reverts to state management.

 

Yes, there are major services that should be rendered by the state, and the public must not be abandoned to the vagaries of purely profit-motivated capitalism. It is not enough to only argue that government is not good at doing business, because some business is government business.

 

Since we copied many of our systems from the British — including wigs for judges — we may as well copy the humility to accept if certain fashions don’t work.

 

Another piece of news from the UK, besides football, was of this conservative MP Tim Loughton, who caused a stir by getting summarily deported from Djibouti and claiming the small African country was just doing China’s bidding because he recently rubbed Beijing the wrong way.

 

China has dismissed the accusation as baseless, and Africa still respects China for not meddling in its politics, even as it negotiates economic partnerships. China generously co-funded the construction of Djibouti’s super modern multipurpose port.

 

What can African leaders learn from the Loughton Djibouti kerfuffle? The race to think for and manage Africa by outsiders is still on and attracting new players.

 

While China has described the Loughton accusation as lies, it shows that the accusing (and presumably informed) Britons suspect other powerful countries to be on a quest to influence African thinking and actions.

 

And while the new bidders for Africa’s resources are on the increase including Russia, the US, Middle Eastern newly rich states, and India, even declining powers like France, which is losing ground in West Africa, could be looking for weaker states to gain a new foothold.

 

My Ugandan people describe such a situation as treating a community like “like a widow’s house,” because the poor, defenceless woman is susceptible to having her door kicked open by any local bully. Yes, these small and weak countries are not insignificant and offer fertile ground for the indirect re-colonisation of the continent.

 

Djibouti, for example, may be small —at only 23,000square kilometres, with a population of one million doing hardly any farming, thus relying on imports for most of its food — but it is so strategically located that the African Union should look at it as precious territory that must be protected from external political influences.

 

It commands the southern entrance into the Red Sea, thus linking Africa to the Middle East. So if several foreign powers have military bases in Djibouti, why shouldn’t the AU, with its growing “peace kitty,” now be worth some hundreds of millions of dollars?

 

At a bilateral level, Ethiopia and Djibouti are doing impressively well in developing infrastructure such as the railway link, a whole 750 kilometres of it electrified. The AU should be looking at more such projects linking up the whole continent to increase internal trade with the continental market, the fastest growing in the world.

 

And, while at it, the AU should be resolutely pushing out fossil-fuel-based transportation the way Ethiopia is doing, without even making much noise about it. Ethiopia can be quite resolute in conceiving and implementing projects, and surely the AU, being headquartered in Addis Ababa, should be taking a leaf rather than looking on as external interests treat the continent like a Ugandan widow’s house.

 

Buwembo is a Kampala-based journalist. E-mail:buwembo@gmail.com

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