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Navigating free speech in Zambia: Balancing democracy, national security

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Zambia, like many countries, stands to gain from robust free speech, but it also faces challenges from what some describe as an “avalanche of speech.”

While liberal democracies emphasise free expression, this can sometimes lead to information overload, disinformation, polarization and echo chambers.

The potential for hate speech, harassment and reckless statements that undermine social cohesion is also a concern.

Balancing free speech with national security and public order remains a complex issue.

National Democratic Congress (NDC) leader, Saboi Imboela, addressed this during a recent discussion, stating, “One philosopher said that you have to love the noise of democracy. So if you do not love the avalanche of speech or the ok noise of democracy then you are not democratic.”

Imboela acknowledged the difficulty of this balancing act but underscored the importance of continuously fighting for the right to speak.

To navigate these challenges, Zambia needs to focus on promoting media literacy and critical thinking.

Encouraging responsible speech and journalism, implementing effective moderation and regulation and fostering inclusive public discourse are essential steps.

Additionally, supporting education and critical thinking skills would be crucial in managing the complexities of free speech.

Upon his election and swearing-in, President Hakainde Hichilema criticized the outgoing regime for its brutality while promising a “better democracy.”

In his debut address, Hichilema stated, “I will be a president of all Zambians, of those that voted for me and of those that did not. We will foster a better democracy, the rule of law, restoring order, respecting human rights, liberties and freedoms.”

This promise aligned with the findings of the 2024 flagship report from the V-Dem Institute, which highlighted Zambia’s successful transition from being labeled an “electoral autocracy” to an “electoral democracy.”

This report places Zambia near the top of the list of countries that have made significant democratic advancements, reversing the trend of autocratic governance.

Former Justice Minister, Mulambo Haimbe, remarked on this progress, stating, “Around the world, the state of democracy was becoming increasingly uncertain, facing threats that seem more pronounced with each passing day.

There was a clear trend of democratic backsliding as undemocratic regimes tighten their grip, limit freedom of expression and erode the rule of law.”

However, he praised Zambia for standing out positively by embracing democratic principles.

In contrast, renowned academic, Dr. Sishuwa Sishuwa, criticised the use of lawfare to suppress opposition in Zambia.

Sishuwa wrote, “When Zambia experienced democratic backsliding between 2011 and 2021, the deliberate use of legal mechanisms to weaken opposition parties played a central role.”

He described this strategy as “lawfare,” a persistent theme in Zambian politics. “The defeat of President Edgar Lungu and his Patriotic Front (PF) in the August 2021 election raised prospects for a stronger legal foundation that would address the conditions that enabled the previous government to engage in legal autocracy,” Sishuwa added.

Despite these observations, Sishuwa noted that nearly three years after President Hichilema’s election, the situation has hardly changed, indicating ongoing challenges in the quest for a more balanced democracy.

Zambia’s journey underscores the need for a careful balance between free speech and national security.

Ensuring that the “avalanche of speech” enriches rather than overwhelms the country’s political landscape would be key to strengthening its democratic institutions and fostering a more inclusive and responsible public discourse.

This story is sponsored by Project Aliyense.

Metro

How media training can build a resilient culture of free speech in Zambia

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In a democratic country like Zambia, a free and independent media is essential for holding those in power accountable, promoting transparency, good governance and facilitating public discourse.

The media shapes public opinion and fosters a culture of independence and free speech.

However, achieving a strong and independent media landscape in Zambia has been fraught with challenges, including intimidation, censorship and limited access to information, despite the enactment of the Access to Information law.

Addressing these challenges requires professional media training.

Such training equips journalists with the skills, knowledge, and resilience needed to report critically and independently, thereby strengthening democratic institutions and fostering a more engaged, diverse, vibrant and informed citizenry.

Media training supports free speech by preparing journalists to effectively communicate and report on a broad range of issues, including politics, governance, and socio-economic development.

This training encompasses traditional reporting as well as digital media practices.

As digital platforms grow in importance, training in these areas ensures journalists can engage effectively with audiences and combat misinformation.

Furthermore, media training helps journalists build resilience and manage stress, enabling them to withstand intimidation and maintain their mental and physical well-being.

Informed publics are crucial for thriving democracies.

Beyond benefiting journalists, media training has a ripple effect on the community. Training programs often include outreach initiatives that educate the public about the role of the media and the importance of free speech.

These initiatives foster a better understanding of media practices and the value of independent journalism, encouraging public support for a free and vibrant press.

Gracious Kutemwa, a radio and TV presenter at ZNBC, noted that media training promotes diverse voices and helps marginalized groups articulate and share their stories.

“This contributes to a more inclusive media landscape, which is vital for a healthy democratic society,” she said. She added that media training also encourages open dialogue between different segments of society, fostering mutual understanding and respect.

“This dialogue is crucial for addressing social issues and promoting peaceful coexistence,” Kutemwa stated.

She emphasized that media training contributes to the overall health of democracy and governance in the country.

Meanwhile, Kamo Banda, a media and journalism student, highlighted that free speech is a cornerstone of democracy, allowing for the exchange of ideas and public discourse.

“Media training in Zambia can enhance free speech by providing journalists with the skills to express themselves effectively and responsibly,” she said.

Banda also noted that effective media training extends beyond the newsroom.

“By engaging with local communities, training programs can help raise awareness about the role of the media in democracy and the importance of free speech,” she stated.

In conclusion, media training is crucial for building a vibrant and diverse media landscape that reflects the needs of Zambian society.

It empowers voices, enhances democracy, and promotes a culture of free speech and independence in Zambia.

This story is sponsored by Project Aliyense.

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Metro

‘Expect more protests, I am not afraid of Tinubu’, Nigerian activist blows hot after airport arrest

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The presidential candidate of the African Action Congress (AAC) in Nigeria’s 2023 presidential election, Omoyele Sowore, has vowed that despite his arrest by operatives of the Nigerian Immigration Service (NIS) on arrival from the United States at the Murtala Mohammed International Airport in Lagos on Sunday, the President Bola Tinubu-led government should expect more protests.

Sowore, the convener of #RevolutionNow, who was reportedly arrested and detained on Sunday morning at the airport by the NIS which also seized his passport and other travelling documents, said he was not afraid of Tinubu and would go ahead with planned protests.

Sowore, who is also a journalist and publisher of online news platform, Sahara Reporters, had on Sunday announced his arrest on X.com.

“I had just arrived in Nigeria from the USA at MMIA in Lagos; upon reaching Nigerian Immigration, my passport was seized, and they told me they had orders to detain me.

“This is not unexpected because I have always known that it is part of the broader clampdown by the fascist @officialAbat regime on dissent and their fear of the upcoming #FearlessINOctober revolt.”

Though he was later released after undergoing interrogation, Sowore was still upbeat about going ahead with planned protests against the government as he is not afraid of President Tinubu.

Sowore who later appeared in an interview programme on a popular TV station on Sunday night by, insisted that a planned “FearlessInOctober” protest scheduled to commence on October 1, will still go on as well as other such demonstrations.

He said the protest was part of a series of protests organised by Nigerians against what he called the oppressive government of Tinubu.

“We started on August 1, which was part of the ‘End Bad Governance’ protest. It was supposed to be a continuation,” he said.

“There were 15 demands that the government did not even attend to. Instead of that, the Federal Government arrested and detained a lot of people. They tied them with bogus offences, very outrageous offences of treason – for carrying placards.

“So, this is going to be a continuation of that.

“Everybody is aware, the government is aware of this. Everybody is looking forward to it because it’s a matter of right that Nigerians have to not allow this government to obliterate them with hunger, starvation, and incompetence

“It is treason to arrest, detain, and forcibly charge citizens with crimes that the government committed. And it’s not the first time I was accused of treason. In fact, I heard about the offence of treason in 1992 at the University of Lagos when we went and did Babangida Must Go.

“And the police arrested us at Western Avenue Police Station, asked us to start writing statements under duress, and said that we wanted to overthrow the government. That was the period that Olusegun Mayegun was President of NANS.

“I was charged with treason in 2019 by Buhari, so I’m not new to these bogus offences of treason. But that is not our focus. Our focus is that we have a country to liberate and a people to save. So whatever offences are thrown our way, we should not be discouraged.

“It’s up to the people to determine what constitutes the offence of treason. And I must say to you also that in 1994, Tinubu was accused of treason. If you remember when he was accused of bombing the Ejigbo depot by Abacha. So that was why he left Nigeria on exile. But in our case, we are not going to go on exile simply because the government is afraid of our package,” Sowore added.

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