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Algeria Turns 60, Hopefully the Age of Reason by Aziz Boucetta

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In July 1962, after a 132-year-long occupation by France and a fierce 8-year-long national liberation war against the French, Algeria obtained its independence and became a country, a new state on the world stage. It took the name of “The People’s Democratic Republic of Algeria,” before letting itself be more or less ruled by the military since then.

The country’s sixty years of existence  have been erratic, alternating between militaristic presidents and recurring periods of power vacuums under the ever-tightening tutelage of the army.

An army with a State

Coup d’Etats, president assassinations; a “Black Decade” with 250,000 deaths; a president who was bedridden following a stroke, “re-elected” in 2014 and hardly a “candidate” in 2019, before a wave of unprecedented protests in the country’s history.

All of this has evidently resulted in an unstructured economy, in which industry is not founded on any strategy or perspective, the public sector is bloated, and which relies almost exclusively on manna from the energy sector.

Hydrocarbons still represent 95% of the country’s exports, and contribute more than 50% of the state budget. As for agriculture, tourism, and many other sectors, they never properly started, and the result is that the Algerian economy remained a cash economy where foreign currency served to buy social peace.

In reality, to borrow Mirabeau’s description of Prussia in the 18th century, “Algeria is an army which possesses a state.” Everything is good, everything is permitted, while nothing is good enough for the Algerian People’s National Army (ANP), whose generals have more or less taken the country’s political power hostage.

The ANP vigorously buys equipment, even if useless, such as the six diesel powered submarines it recently acquired from Russia. The army and its chiefs, in a permanent (mental) state of war, impose this mentality of the besieged on the entire country where their psychotic culture of secrecy leads to the opacity of the Algerian regime.

According to former French ambassador to Algeria Xavier Driencourt, a fine connoisseur of the country’s political mysteries and author of “The Algerian Enigma” (Editions de l’Observatoire, 2022), the Algerian regime lives permanently with two eternal enemies: France and Morocco.

To France, Algeria never forgave the 124 years of colonization and the 8 years of a bloody independence war; and to Morocco, Algeria does not forgive the simple fact that it exists. Algeria’s obsession with these two countries is the source of the siege mentality of the Algerian generals and the presidents they put in place.

Deep-seated Hatred of Morocco

And it is precisely this mentality that leads the Algerian regime to ludicrous, even kafkaesque diplomatic moves (on the Sahara dispute, for  instance), and even sometimes to dangerous acts (the latest attack on Melilla by migrants from Algeria).

Behind the current situation of the country is the coming to power, at the end of 2019, of the Abdelmajid Tebboune-General Said Chengriha duo. Tebboune serves in a figurative role as the Head of State, where he is tightly controlled by General Chengriha, who himself is well-documented to have been responsible for a great many deaths in the country during the “Black Decade.” The duo replaced two much more prestigious figures, who were more aware of emerging international trends and challenges than their successors.

Tebboune and Chengriha are permanently engaged  in unending rounds of upmanship  against Paris and Rabat, and especially Rabat. Accusing Morocco of all Algeria’s ills, rupturing diplomatic relations, and even childish decisions and measures such as refusing to refer to the kingdom by its name, but by the amusing expression “North African country.” The very “North African country” that saw its map retracted and its national anthem butchered during the 2022 Mediterranean Games

In the end, the Algerian people bears the biggest responsibility in the stagnation of a country that could have been great otherwise than by geography.

The reason is that, after initiating a promising Hirak in 2019, the Algerian people has interrupted its movement and seems to have gotten accustomed to the mediocrity of its leaders, who in turn drive the country to its doom — economically, politically, diplomatically, or geopolitically. And the generals of the country’s army maintain their hatred of “Marrok,” a hatred or at least a rejection which, despite denials, is found in a large section of the population.

Meanwhile, despite its problems and vicissitudes, its shortcomings and failures, Morocco is moving forward, ignoring its neighbor’s Moroccan obsession. All of which is really regrettable, because the Maghreb could have existed and been stronger together. And imagine what a changed place the Mediterranean region would have been with this unity!

We must wait then, for wisdom to enter the hearts and spirits of the Algerian leaders. In principle, celebrating the 60th anniversary is celebrating wisdom… let’s hope, but in the meantime, let’s groan!

 

 

Strictly Personal

This is chaos, not governance, and we must stop it, By Tee Ngugi

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The following are stories that have dominated mainstream media in recent times. Fake fertiliser and attempts by powerful politicians to kill the story. A nation of bribes, government ministries and corporations where the vice is so routine that it has the semblance of policy. Irregular spending of billions in Nairobi County.

 

Billions are spent in all countries on domestic and foreign travel. Grabbing of land belonging to state corporations, was a scam reminiscent of the Kanu era when even public toilets would be grabbed. Crisis in the health and education sectors.

 

Tribalism in hiring for state jobs. Return of construction in riparian lands and natural waterways. Relocation of major businesses because of high cost of power and heavy taxation. A tax regime that is so punitive, it squeezes life out of small businesses. Etc, ad nauseam.

 

To be fair, these stories of thievery, mismanagement, negligence, incompetence and greed have been present in all administrations since independence.

 

However, instead of the cynically-named “mama mboga” government reversing this gradual slide towards state failure, it is fuelling it.

 

Alternately, it’s campaigning for 2027 or gallivanting all over the world, evoking the legend of Emperor Nero playing the violin as Rome burned.

 

A government is run based on strict adherence to policies and laws. It appoints the most competent personnel, irrespective of tribe, to run efficient departments which have clear-cut goals.

 

It aligns education to its national vision. Its strategies to achieve food security should be driven by the best brains and guided by innovative policies. It enacts policies that attract investment and incentivize building of businesses. It treats any kind of thievery or negligence as sabotage.

 

Government is not a political party. Government officials should have nothing to do with political party matters. They should be so engaged in their government duties that they literally would not have time for party issues. Government jobs should not be used to reward girlfriends and cronies.

 

Government is exhausting work undertaken because of a passion to transform lives, not for the trappings of power. Government is not endless campaigning to win the next election. To his credit, Mwai Kibaki left party matters alone until he had to run for re-election.

 

We have corrupted the meaning of government. We have parliamentarians beholden to their tribes, not to ideas.

 

We have incompetent and corrupt judges. We have a civil service where you bribe to be served. Police take bribes to allow death traps on our roads. We have urban planners who plan nothing except how to line their pockets. We have regulatory agencies that regulate nothing, including the intake of their fat stomachs.

 

We have advisers who advise on which tenders should go to whom. There is no central organising ethos at the heart of government. There is no sense of national purpose. We have flurries of national activities, policies, legislation, appointments which don’t lead to meaningful growth. We just run on the same spot.

 

Tee Ngugi is a Nairobi-based political commentator

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Strictly Personal

Off we go again with public shows, humbug and clowning, By Jenerali Uliwengu

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The potential contestants in the approaching elections are already sizing themselves up and assessing their chances of fooling their people enough for them to believe that they are truly going to “bring development” to them.

 

I mean, you have to be a true believer to believe that someone who says they have come to offer their services to you as your representative in the local council or in the national parliament and they tell you that they are going to build your roads to European standards, and your schools are going to be little Eatons; your hospitals are going to be better and more lavishly equipped than the Indian hospitals, where many of our high-placed people go for treatment, and your water supply will be so regular that you have to worry only about drowning!

 

I mean no exaggeration here, for the last time we had the occasion to listen to such clowns — five years ago — we heard one joker promise he would take all his voters to the United States for a visit.

 

He was actually voted to parliament, or at least the cabal acting as the electoral commission says he was. He has never revisited that promise as far as I can remember, but that must surely be because he is still negotiating with the American embassy for a few million visas for his voters!

 

Yes, really, these are always interesting times, when normally sober people turn out to be raving mad and university dons become illiterate.

 

Otherwise tell me how this can happen: Some smart young man or woman shows up in your neighbourhood and puts up posters and erects stands and platforms for the campaign and goes around the constituency declaring his or her ardent desire to “develop” your area by bringing in clean and safe water, excellent schools, competent teachers, the best agricultural experts as extension officers, etc, etc.

These goodies

At the time this clown is promising all these goodies, you realise he has been distributing money and items such as tee-shirts, kitenge prints, khangas, caps as well as organising feeding programmes, where everyone who cares can feed to satiation and drink whatever they want with practically no limitation.

Seriously, I have been asking myself this question: Would you employ a young man who shows up at your front porch and tells you he is seeking a job to develop your garden and tells you that, while you are thinking whether to employ him, “Here is money for you and your family to eat and drink for now!”

Now, if we think such a man should be reported to the police or taken to a mental institution, why are we behaving in exactly the same way?

Many a time we witness arguments among countrymen trying to solve the conundrum of our continued failure to move forward economically, despite our abundant resources, and it seems like we haven’t got a clue.

But is this not one of the cues, if not probably the most important clue, that we have not found a way to designate our leaders?

It ought to be clear to any person above childhood that this type of electoral system and practice can never deliver anything akin to development or progress.

Now, consider that we have being doing this same thing over and over — in many of our countries elections follow a certain periodicity like clockwork — but we have not discovered the truth.

Put simply, our politics is badly rigged against our people, and elections have become just devices to validate the political hooliganism of the various cabals running our countries like so many Mafia families.

Knee-jerk supporters

We have so demeaned our people, whom we have turned into knee-jerk supporters of whoever gives them food and drink around election time, that now they say that at least at election time it is their turn to eat, which means, naturally, that at all other times it is the turn of the ones who “bring development” to the people.

Clearly, this is not working, and it is no wonder that dissatisfaction and frustration are rife, as our people cannot put a finger to the thing that holds them back.

Apart from these sham elections, from time to time, the rulers organise shows designed to make the people believe that somebody is concerned about their problems.

We have one such masquerade happening in Tanzania right now, where public meetings are organised so people can vent their frustration. But these will never solve any problems; they are just shows.

If the elections we have been holding had any substance, there would not be any need for such public shows, except those organised by those people we elected.

Where are they? What is the use of spending so much money and other resources to erect and maintain a political system that has to be propped by public shows, where people come to vent their grievances over the hopelessness of the system in place?

I am just asking.

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